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Robert John Simmons
First Sergeant Robert John Simmons was a Bermudian who served in the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War. He died in August 1863, as a result of wounds received in an attack on Fort Wagner, near Charleston, South Carolina.
==Biography==
A former clerk, probably from St. George's, Simmons joined the 54th on March 12, 1863. (Many black and white Bermudians fought for the Union, mostly in the US Navy.〔(The Royal Gazette: Unknown soldier is identified ) May 31, 2002 (Outerbridge.com)〕 Many more, like Thomas Leslie Outerbridge, profiteered from the war by smuggling arms to the blockaded South.)
The black regiment was raised in March 1863 by the Governor of Massachusetts, John A. Andrew. Commanded by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, it sprang to life after the passage of the Emancipation Proclamation. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton decided white officers would be in charge of all "colored" units. Colonel Shaw was hand picked by Governor John Andrew. Governor Andrew also selected Norwood Penrose "Pen" Hallowell as the unit's second in command.
Simmons was introduced to Francis George Shaw, father of Colonel Shaw, by William Wells Brown, a prominent abolitionist lecturer, novelist, playwright, historian and former slave, who described him as ''"a young man of more than ordinary abilities who had learned the science of war in the British Army"''. In his book, ''The Negro in the American Rebellion'', Brown wrote that ''"Francis George Shaw remarked at the time that Simmons would make a 'valuable soldier'. Col. Shaw also had a high opinion of him"''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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